Updated: June 16, 2022
Antiresorptive agents can be used, which decrease the removal of calcium from bones. The bone in your body is constantly being built and removed which is an essential part of maintaining the normal calcium level in the blood and serves to repair tiny cracks in the bones that occur with normal daily activity.
Osteoporosis results when the rate of bone resorption exceeds the rate of bone rebuilding. Antiresorptive medications decreases resorption, thus keeping the balance in favor of bone rebuilding and increasing bone density. HRT is one example of an antiresorptive agent. Others include alendronate (Fosamax), raloxifene (Evista), risedronate (Actonel), ibandronate (Boniva), calcitonin (Calcimar), zoledronate (Reclast), and denosumab (Prolia).
Bisphosphonates slow down bone loss and reduce fracture risk especially in the hip, wrist, and spine in people with osteoporosis and can improve the T-score. Food, calcium, iron supplements, vitamins with minerals, or antacids containing calcium, magnesium, or aluminum can reduce the absorption of oral bisphosphonates, thereby resulting in loss of effectiveness.
To reduce side effects and to enhance absorption of the medicine, all bisphosphonates should be taken orally in the morning, on an empty stomach, 30 minutes before breakfast, and with at least 240 ml of plane water.
Raloxifene or Evista is a SERMs that work like estrogen in some tissues but as an antiestrogen in other tissues. It can act like estrogen on bone but as an antiestrogen on the lining of the uterus where the effects of estrogen can promote cancer. These can reduce the risk of spine fractures in women after menopause.
This helps prevent spinal fracture in postmenopausal women, and it can help manage pain if a fracture occurs. Calcitonin has been shown to increase bone density and strength in the spine only.
Calcitonin is not as effective in increasing bone density and strengthening bone as estrogen and the other antiresorptive agents, particularly bisphosphonates. Therefore, calcitonin is not the first choice of treatment in women with established osteoporosis.But it is a helpful alternative treatment for patients who cannot tolerate other medications.
Common side effects of either injected or nasal spray calcitonin are nausea and flushing. Patients using Miacalcin Nasal Spray can develop nasal irritation, a runny nose, or nosebleeds. Injectable calcitonin can cause local skin redness at the site of injection, skin rash, and flushing.
This is a parathyroid hormone for people with a high risk of fracture, as it helps to regulate calcium metabolism and stimulates bone formation. It reduces spinal fractures in women with known osteoporosis. Usually after a 2year course of teriparatide the patient is switched to bisphosphonate therapy to maintain bone density.
This is an injectable antibody that blocks a chemical messenger that plays a role in promoting bone thinning by the bone cells that are responsible for bone resorption. Prolia strengthens bone by increasing its density and reduces fractures. Prolia can be injected under the skin twice a year. Denosumab is used for the treatment of postmenopausal women with osteoporosis at high risk for fracture. Denosumab can cause increased risk of infections and hypocalcemia.
The long-term use of corticosteroids such as prednisone, cortisone, and prednisolone can lead to osteoporosis. Corticosteroids decreases calcium absorption from the intestines and increases loss of calcium through the kidneys in urine which increases calcium loss from the bones. Patients should follow the following steps to prevent bone loss while on long-term corticosteroids.
Menopause is the end of a woman's menstrual cycle and fertility. Menopause cause many changes in your mental and physical health. As a result of decreased production of estrogen and progesterone in your ovaries you may get symptoms like hot
Menopause is the end of a woman's menstrual cycle and fertility. When two essential hormones(estrogen and progesterone) needed for a woman's fertility is not produced by the ovaries the periods will be stopped resulting in menopause.
Hot flashes are also known as hot flushes. These are a sudden, transient sensation of warmth or heat that spreads over the body, creating a flushing, or redness, that is particularly noticeable on the face and upper portion of your body.
Dialysis is a treatment that filters and purifies the blood using a machine.
The treatment of arthritis varies depending on which particular form of arthritis is present, its location, severity, persistence, and any underlying background medical conditions of the patient.
Breast cancer is the most common cancer diagnosed in women after skin cancer where cancer forms in the cells of the breasts.
Pertussis is a respiratory illness commonly known as whooping cough caused by a type of bacteria. It is contagious and can spread from person-to-person by coughing or sneezing while in close contact with others.
Cracked heels are a very common skin problem and can be cured using home remedies. At times cracked heels become very painful and unbearable. If you take proper care, then you can stay away from such problems.
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